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This volume explores, from a variety of perspectives, the political theory of the man who is arguably the greatest English political thinker. It is the first substantial collection of new, critical essays on Thomas Hobbes by leading scholars in over a decade.Hobbes’s writings stirred debate in his own lifetime, for two centuries thereafter, and continue to do so in ours. They emerged in a period of intense political turmoil—a time of civil war and regicide, of puritanical rule and royal restoration. “They were motivated,” Dietz argues, “by concrete political problems and a practical concern, namely, to secure political order, absolute sovereignty, and civil peace.” The contributors emphasize and answer a series of expressly political questions that, to date, have not been fully addressed in the Hobbes literature. They contend that Hobbes’s writings are not mere static artifacts of a particular historical milieu, but rather rich sources of a variety of interpretations and criticisms that spur discussion and debate in their turn.

Hobbes, Thomas --- Political science & theory

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"Not of woman born, the Fortunate, the Unborn"-the terms designating those born by Caesarean section in medieval and Renaissance Europe were mysterious and ambiguous. Examining representations of Caesarean birth in legend and art and tracing its history in medical writing, Renate Blumenfeld-Kosinski addresses the web of religious, ethical, and cultural questions concerning abdominal delivery in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Not of Woman Born increases our understanding of the history of the medical profession, of medical iconography, and of ideas surrounding "unnatural" childbirth.Blumenfeld-Kosinski compares texts and visual images in order to trace the evolution of Caesarean birth as it was perceived by the main actors involved-pregnant women, medical practitioners, and artistic or literary interpreters. Bringing together medical treatises and texts as well as hitherto unexplored primary sources such as manuscript illuminations, she provides a fresh perspective on attitudes toward pregnancy and birth in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance; the meaning and consequences of medieval medicine for women as both patients and practitioners, and the professionalization of medicine. She discusses writings on Caesarean birth from the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, when Church Councils ordered midwives to perform the operation if a mother died during childbirth in order that the child might be baptized; to the fourteenth century, when the first medical text, Bernard of Gordon's Lilium medicinae, mentioned the operation; up to the gradual replacement of midwives by male surgeons in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Not of Woman Born offers the first close analysis of Frarnois Rousset's 1581 treatise on the operation as an example of sixteenth-century medical discourse. It also considers the ambiguous nature of Caesarean birth, drawing on accounts of such miraculous examples as the birth of the Antichrist. An appendix reviews the complex etymological history of the term "Caesarean section."Richly interdisciplinary, Not of Woman Born will enliven discussions of the controversial issues surrounding Caesarean delivery today. Medical, social, and cultural historians interested in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, historians, literary scholars, midwives, obstetricians, nurses, and others concerned with women's history will want to read it.

History of civilization --- anno 500-1499 --- Cesarean section in art --- Césarienne dans l'art --- Keizersnede in de kunst --- Cesarean Section --- Cesarean section --- Césarienne --- Illustration médicale --- -Cesarean section in art --- Abdominal delivery --- C section --- Caesarean delivery --- Caesarean section --- Delivery, Abdominal --- Delivery, Caesarean --- Delivery (Obstetrics) --- Illustration, Medical --- Cesarean section in art. --- Césarienne --- Césarienne dans l'art --- Illustration médicale --- Medicine in Art. --- Medical illustration --- -Renaissance --- Science in Art --- Art, Medicine in --- Art, Science in --- Arts, Medicine in --- Arts, Science in --- Medicine in Arts --- Science in Arts --- in Art, Medicine --- in Art, Science --- in Arts, Medicine --- in Arts, Science --- Renaissance --- Revival of letters --- history. --- psychology. --- History --- Europe. --- Northern Europe --- Southern Europe --- Western Europe --- Medicine in Art --- Civilization --- History, Modern --- Civilization, Medieval --- Civilization, Modern --- Humanism --- Middle Ages --- Obstetrics --- Art --- history --- psychology --- Surgery --- Medicine in the Arts. --- Renaissance. --- History. --- Civilisation médiévale --- Histoire --- Europe --- Civilization [Medieval ] --- Cesarean section - Europe - History. --- Medical illustration - History. --- Civilization, Medieval. --- Medicine in the Arts

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En este volumen se ofrecen datos básicos de las elecciones federales de 1961 a 1988. Estos datos Han sido usados con fines más específicos, en múltiples textos y documentos. El propósito es el de facilitar futuros trabajos de investigación sobre temas electorales

Elections --- Statistics. --- Mexico --- Politics and government --- Electoral politics --- Franchise --- Polls --- Political science --- Politics, Practical --- Plebiscite --- Political campaigns --- Representative government and representation --- History of the Americas

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Depuis l’avènement des droits de l’homme sur la scène internationale, la fameuse règle dite de la continuité de la nationalité mérite plus que jamais les critiques qui, dès son apparition, n’ont pas manqué de lui être adressées. Partant de la distinction fondamentale entre continuité de la nationalité proprement dite et continuité de l’identité du titulaire du droit fondant la réclamation internationale, l’auteur procède à une analyse approfondie de la pratique internationale. Celle-ci démontre que la règle en question fait aujourd’hui encore partie du droit positif, en dépit des réactions aux nombreuses injustices engendrées par son application. C’est par un examen des circonstances entourant l’apparition de la règle, en particulier du contexte de la protection diplomatique, qu’il devient possible de comprendre comment on en est venu à adopter et généraliser un principe constamment remis en question. L’ouvrage offre enfin une réflexion critique portant sur la protection diplomatique elle-même, ainsi que sur les théories qui tentent d’en expliquer les fondements. Grâce à un éclairage neuf, il analyse de façon rigoureuse les rapports de droit complexes unissant l’étranger lésé, son Etat national et l’Etat dont la responsabilité internationale se trouve engagée.

Citizenship (International law) --- Diplomatic protection --- Nationalité (Droit international) --- Protection diplomatique --- Citizenship --- Diplomatic protection. --- Citizenship. --- Droit international et droit interne --- Internationaal recht en intern recht --- International and municipal law --- Nationalité (Droit international) --- diplomatie --- Etat | nation --- coopération internationale --- justice --- évolution du droit --- sources du droit --- protection diplomatique --- droit public --- citoyenneté --- Protection of citizens abroad --- Diplomatic and consular service --- International law --- International relations --- Birthright citizenship --- National citizenship --- Nationality (Citizenship) --- Political science --- Public law --- Allegiance --- Civics --- Domicile --- Political rights --- Law and legislation